思维导图及其在英语教学中的应用Graphic Organizer and Its Application in EFL Classroom
陈敏
摘要(Abstract):
语言学习的一个重要过程就是将新的语言知识整合到学习者原有的认知结构中,建立新的图式和形成意义建构。教师作为意义建构的促进者,可以运用思维导图的支架式教学帮助学习者通过对语言输入的经验解释,提高将知识转换成自己的内部表达的能力。文章以此为出发点,讨论了思维导图的特征及该教学策略的认识论基础,分析了它在外语课堂中运用的优势。文中最后的教学设计范例体现了该教学模式借助计算机网络在英语课堂中的实际运用。
关键词(KeyWords): 思维导图;支架式教学;图式;认知负荷;认知结构;意义建构;有意义的学习
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 陈敏
参考文献(References):
- [1] Ausubel, D. P. Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View [M]. New York:Holt, Ninehart and Winston,1968.
- [2] Brown, H. D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching [M]. NY:Anderson Wesley Longman,2000.
- [3] Dalrymple,J. B. Teaching and Learning Law With Graphic Organizer[Z]. 1996. Retrieved March 10,2004, http:// www. loyno. edu/-dciolino/Classea/GraphicOrganizers. htm.
- [4] Novak,J. D. ,&Gowin,D. B. Learning How to Learn [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
- [5] Novak, Joseph D. The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How To Construct Them Cornell [Z]. University, 2001. Retrieved March 10,2004, http://cmap. coginst. uwf. edu/in-fo/printer. html.
- [6] Pass.F, Renkl,A. & Sweller,J. Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design:Recent Developments [A]. In Pass,F, Renkl.A. & Sweller,J. Cognitive Load Theory: A Special Issue of Educational Psychologist [C]. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ,2003.1 -4.
- [7] Widmayer,S. A. Schema Theory: An Introduction[Z]. Retrieved March 16,2004,fromhttp://www. kihd. gmu. edu/immersion/knowledgebase/strategies/cognitivism/SchemaTheory. htm.
- [8]桂诗春.认知和语言[A].束定芳.语言的认知研究-认 知语言学论文精选[C].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2004.14-26.
- [9]何克抗.建构主义-革新传统教学的理论基础[J/OL]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/articledigestl/jiangouzhuyi-gexinjichu.hun,1999-12/2004-08-30.
- [10]施良方.学习论-学习心理学的理论与原理[M].北京: 人民教育出版社,1994.
- [11]章伟民.建构主义及教学设计原则[J].外语电化教学, 2000,(3):23-26.